image/svg+xml Drawing Group Group Group Slide Group Group Slide Slide Group Drawing Tendon d'achilleTriceps suralmuscle extenseurFibres nerveuses sensitives afférentes :nerf crural et nerf sciatiqueNerf rachidienRacine postérieureGanglion rachidienSubstance griseSubstance blancheMoëlle épinière=centre intégrateurInterneuroneFibres nerveusesmotrices efférentesJambier antérieurmuscle fléchisseurRacine postérieure 1° - étirement : stimulus 1° - étirement : stimulus 2° - message afférent2° - message afférent4° - message efférent4° - message efférent 3° - excitation3° - excitation3'° - excitation3'° - excitation4'° - inhibition4'° - inhibition Slide Drawing Drawing Drawing Group Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing 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Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Temps Potentiel de membrane en millivolts Le codage du message nerveux sefait par modulation de fréquence d'untrain de potentiels d'action. Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Pompe à ionsNa et K + + Échanges ioniques Group Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing Milieu intracellulaireplus électronégatifMilieu extracellulaireplus électropositif-+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +++ - + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + Microélectrode millivolts millivolts Microélectrode millivolts millivolts - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + Microélectrodesde stimulation Microélectrodesde stimulation Microélectrodesde stimulation Microélectrodesde stimulation 1 2 3 4 5 6 temps en millisecondes - 80 - 60 - 40 - 20 0 20 40 60 potentiel membranaire en millivolts artefactdestimulation A B C D E F G Le PA dure environ 1.5 msAB : Stilmulation électrique.BC : dépolarisation;CDE : invesion du potentiel de membrane;EG : hyperpolarisation AB CDE EF G potentiel de repos potentiel d'action (PA) POTENTIEL D'ACTION (PA) - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +++++++++++++++++ - + + + + + + - - + + - + + + - Microélectrode millivolts millivolts Microélectrode millivolts millivolts CODAGE DU MESSAGE NERVEUX Fuseau neuromusculaire = récepteurPlaques motrices = effecteurSynapsePropagatioin du message nerveux dans la fibre nerveuseSynapse neuro-musculaire-70mVInflux nerveuxVésicules synaptiquesContenant des moléculesde neurotransmetteurFentesynaptiqueRécepteurs du neurotransmetteur :Canal protéiqueBouton terminalMembrane pré-synaptiqueMembrane post-synaptique 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 5 6 2 3 4 Arrivée du train de PA dans le bouton pré-synaptique.Déplacement puis fusion des vésicules de neurotransmetteuravec la membrane pré-synaptique.Libération des neurotransmetteurs dans la fente synaptiquepar exocytose.Fixation des neurotransmetteurs sur les récepteurs spécifiquesde la membrane post-synaptique; entrée d'ions NA.L'entrée d'ions Na provoque la modification de l'état électrique de la membrane post-synaptique, ce qui, dans certains cas, peutaboutir à la naissance d'un nouveau train de PA dans le neurone post-synaptique. Recapture des neurotransmetteurs, ou des produits de sa dégradation,par endocytose. Fibres musculaires modiféesFibres musculairesFibres nerveusessensitives afférentesMuscle effecteurFibres nerveusemotrices efférentes La transmission de l'influx nerveux entre le motoneurone et chaque fibre musculaire se fait grâce à un composant chimique ou neuromédiateur : l'acétylcholine. L'acétylcholine diffuse dans la fente synaptique et va se lier avec un récepteur spécifique de la fibre musculaire. C'est cette liaison de l'acétylcholine à son récepteur qui provoque l'excitation et donc la contraction musculaire.Lorsqu'il est étiré, le fuseau neuro-musculaire, génère un messagenerveus sous la forme d'un train de PA vers la moelle épinière. Erwan Le Fol 2010 Les étapesdu reflexe myotatiqueExemple du réflexe achiléen
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  1. Titre
  2. 01 stimulus
  3. 02 étirement
  4. 03 fuseau
  5. 04 message afférent
  6. 05 propagation message
  7. 06 codage message
  8. 07 ME
  9. 08 message Pré-synaptique
  10. 09 message Post-synaptique
  11. 10 message efférent
  12. 11 message plaques motrices
  13. 12 Bilan